Magnetic separators are separation devices installed at the discharge end of shredders, crushers, drum screens, air separators, unpacking machines, etc. They rely on magnetic fields to separate ferrous metals such as iron and steel from non-magnetic materials such as copper, aluminum, plastics, rubber, and wood in the shredded mixture, achieving iron recovery and purification.
Introduction to magnetic separators in the waste recycling industry
Magnetic separators are separation devices installed at the discharge end of shredders, crushers, drum screens, air separators, unpacking machines, etc. They rely on magnetic fields to separate ferrous metals such as iron and steel from non-magnetic materials such as copper, aluminum, plastics, rubber, and wood in the shredded mixture, achieving iron recovery and purification. They are commonly divided into two main categories: drum magnetic separators and suspended magnetic separators, and are core supporting equipment in waste metal shredding and recycling production lines.
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Working Principle:
Separation based on differences in magnetic properties: Iron and steel are strongly magnetic materials, while copper, aluminum, and plastics are almost non-magnetic.
1. The shredded mixture is conveyed to the magnetic field area of the magnetic separator.
2. A non-uniform strong magnetic field is generated by a permanent magnet/electromagnet. Magnetic metals such as iron and steel are attracted by the magnetic force and adhere to the surface of the magnetic drum/belt.
3. Copper, aluminum, plastics, and impurities are not affected by the magnetic force and fall along their original trajectory due to gravity and inertia, entering the non-ferrous material outlet.
4. The magnetic drum continues to rotate. The attracted iron material moves to the **non-magnetic area**, where the magnetic force disappears, and the iron material automatically falls off and is collected separately.
5. This achieves continuous and automatic separation of ferrous metals from other materials.
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Brief differences between the two main models:
1. Drum magnetic separator: Installed at the head of the conveyor, suitable for shredded granular materials, with high sorting accuracy, mainly for iron material recovery.
2. Suspended iron separator: Hanging above the conveyor belt, mainly for retrieving large iron pieces and also protecting downstream equipment.
Magnetic separators only separate ferrous metals; non-ferrous metals such as copper and aluminum cannot be magnetically separated and require subsequent processing with an eddy current separator.
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